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The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12e (Lutgens/Tarbuck/Tasa)
Chapter 2
Heating Earth's Surface and Atmosphere
1)
Earth's perihelion:
A)
coincides with the summer solstice.
B)
would not exist if the earth's orbit were circular.
C)
coincides with the winter solstice.
D)
occurs when the earth is farthest from the Sun.
Answer: B
Page
Ref: 36
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
2)
Earth is closest to the Sun during:
A)
Northern hemisphere autumn.
B)
Southern hemisphere autumn.
C)
Southern hemisphere winter.
D)
Northern hemisphere winter.
E)
Northern hemisphere summer.
Answer: D
Page
Ref: 36
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
3)
Early in January the earth is closer to the Sun than at any other time of year.
This position is termed:
A)
equinox.
B)
perihelion.
C)
aphelion.
D)
albedo.
E)
revolution.
Answer: B
Page
Ref: 36
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
4)
Low sun angles result in reduced solar energy because:
A)
energy is spread over a larger area.
B)
Sun - Earth distance is greater.
C)
absorption is reduced.
D)
day lengths are shorter.
Answer: A
Page
Ref: 37
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog.
Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
5)
Over the course of this year, the tilt of Earth's polar axis will:
A)
remains constant at 90 degrees.
B)
vary from 0 to 23.5 degrees.
C)
vary from 0 to 47 degrees.
D)
remain constant at 23.5 degrees.
Answer: D
Page
Ref: 38
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
6)
Flagstaff, AZ is at 35 degrees N latitude. What is the angle of the Sun's noon
rays here on March 21?
A)
35 degrees
B)
55 degrees
C)
47 degrees
D)
0 degrees
Answer: B
Page
Ref: 39
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Apply
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
7)
The 90 degrees angle rays strike the Tropic of Cancer on:
A)
June 21.
B)
March 21.
C)
September 22.
D)
December 21.
E)
July 4.
Answer: A
Page
Ref: 39
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
8)
Which of the following correctly describes the equinoxes?
A)
The length of daylight at the Arctic and Antarctic Circle is 24 hours.
B)
The Sun's vertical rays are striking either the Tropic of Cancer or the Tropic
of Capricorn.
C)
Days and nights are equal in length in all parts of the world.
D)
They occur in June and December.
Answer: C
Page
Ref: 40
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
9)
At 45 degrees S latitude, the angle of the noon Sun is lowest and the length of
daylight is shortest on:
A)
December 21.
B)
January 23.
C)
June 21.
D)
March 21.
E)
September 22.
Answer: C
Page
Ref: 40
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog.
Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
10)
The first day of the climatological season of summer is:
A)
June 1.
B)
June 21.
C)
July 1.
D)
July 4 (perihelion).
Answer: A
Page
Ref: 40
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
11)
Which of the following associations is INCORRECT?
A)
aphelion — Earth furthest from the sun
B)
vernal equinox — equal day/equal night
C)
summer solstice — solar declination at the Tropic of Cancer
D)
autumnal equinox — shortest day of the year for the Arctic Circle
Answer: D
Page
Ref: 40
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
12)
The spring equinox in the Northern Hemisphere occurs on approximately:
A)
June 21.
B)
March 21.
C)
September 22.
D)
December 21.
E)
January 3.
Answer: B
Page
Ref: 40
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
13)
At what time of year is the earth's axis not tilted either toward or away from
the Sun?
A)
autumnal equinox
B)
winter solstice
C)
summer solstice
D)
perihelion
E)
aphelion
Answer: A
Page
Ref: 40
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
14)
The length of daylight gets progressively longer going south from the equator
on:
A)
June 21.
B)
December 21.
C)
September 22.
D)
March 21.
Answer: B
Page
Ref: 41
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog.
Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
15)
New York City has its greatest length of daylight on:
A)
March 21.
B)
September 22.
C)
June 21.
D)
December 21.
Answer: C
Page
Ref: 41
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
16)
During the spring equinox in the northern hemisphere, the circle of
illumination passes directly through the:
A)
equator.
B)
Tropic of Capricorn.
C)
poles.
D)
Tropic of Cancer.
Answer: C
Page
Ref: 41
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
17)
The date that the Sun "sets" at the North Pole is:
A)
June 21.
B)
March 21.
C)
December 21.
D)
September 22.
Answer: D
Page
Ref: 41
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
18)
The date that the Sun "rises" at the North Pole is:
A)
January 3.
B)
June 21.
C)
March 21.
D)
September 22.
E)
December 21.
Answer: C
Page
Ref: 41
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
19)
The longest day of the year in the United States occurs on:
A)
June 21.
B)
March 3.
C)
November 18.
D)
December 4.
E)
September 30.
Answer: A
Page
Ref: 41
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog.
Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
20)
The primary cause of Earth's seasons is:
A)
changes in atmospheric thickness.
B)
varying orbital speed.
C)
tilt of Earth's rotation axis, which causes sun angles and daylight length to
vary.
D)
regular changes in radiation emitted by the Sun.
E)
varying distance from the Sun, which changes how much radiation Earth receives
from the Sun.
Answer: C
Page
Ref: 42
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
21)
The energy associated with motion is called:
A)
kinetic energy.
B)
potential energy.
C)
vibrational energy.
D)
molecular motion energy.
Answer: A
Page
Ref: 43
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
22)
During natural processes, heat transfer is always from:
A)
warmer to cooler substances.
B)
cooler to warmer substances.
C)
solids to liquids.
D)
gases to solids.
Answer: A
Page
Ref: 44
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
23)
Heat:
A)
is a measure of the average kinetic energy possessed by molecules.
B)
is synonymous with temperature.
C)
is a transfer of energy from areas with high temperatures to those with low
temperatures.
D)
measures the total kinetic energy in a substance.
Answer: C
Page
Ref: 44
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
24)
The two types of heat recognized by meteorologists are:
A)
latent heat and sensible heat.
B)
latent heat and kinetic heat.
C)
kinetic heat and radiative heat.
D)
sensible heat and conductive heat.
Answer: A
Page
Ref: 44
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog.
Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
25)
The process of ________ involves the movement or circulation of a mass or
substance.
A)
radiation
B)
conduction
C)
convection
Answer: C
Page
Ref: 45
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
26)
The transfer of heat through matter by molecular collisions is called:
A)
conduction.
B)
radiation.
C)
convection.
Answer: A
Page
Ref: 45
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
27)
The longest wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum are:
A)
gamma.
B)
ultraviolet.
C)
infrared.
D)
radio.
E)
visible light.
Answer: D
Page
Ref: 46
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
28)
The earth receives energy from the Sun by:
A)
convection.
B)
radiation.
C)
conduction.
D)
scattering.
Answer: B
Page
Ref: 46
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
29)
Wind is an example of:
A)
advection.
B)
conduction.
C)
radiation.
Answer: A
Page
Ref: 46
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog.
Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
30)
Thermals and advection are both types of:
A)
conduction
B)
radiation.
C)
convection.
D)
transmission.
Answer: C
Page
Ref: 46
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
31)
Wavelengths of the visible spectrum are between:
A)
0.4 and 0.7 meters.
B)
0.25 and 2.5 micrometers.
C)
0.4 and 0.7 micrometers.
D)
4 and 7 micrometers.
Answer: C
Page
Ref: 46
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
32)
In meteorological terminology, the primary difference between convection and
advection is:
A)
Convection represents vertical heat transfer and advection represents
horizontal heat transfer.
B)
Convection represents horizontal heat transfer and advection represents
vertical heat transfer.
C)
Convection represents upper atmosphere heat transfer and advection represents
surface heat transfer.
D)
Convection represents surface heat transfer and advection represents upper
atmosphere heat transfer.
E)
None of the above; the terms are used interchangeably.
Answer: A
Page
Ref: 46
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
33)
The wavelengths emitted by the earth are:
A)
shorter than those emitted by the Sun.
B)
longer than those emitted by the Sun.
C)
ultraviolet.
D)
about the same as those emitted by the Sun except when the Sun is experiencing
sunspots.
Answer: B
Page
Ref: 47
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog.
Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
34)
The type of energy that is responsible for sunburn is:
A)
infrared energy.
B)
ultraviolet energy.
C)
gamma ray energy.
D)
microwave energy.
Answer: B
Page
Ref: 47
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 15: Physical Systems Affect
Human Systems
35)
The earth emits terrestrial radiation:
A)
only over the continents.
B)
all the time.
C)
only at night.
D)
only during winter.
E)
only during the day.
Answer: B
Page
Ref: 47
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
36)
Most of the radiation emitted by the earth and its atmosphere is in the
category of:
A)
x-rays.
B)
ultraviolet.
C) gamma.
D)
infrared.
Answer: D
Page
Ref: 47
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
37)
Radiation is intercepted in the atmosphere and its wavelength is measured at
1.0 micrometers. This radiation was most likely emitted by:
A)
the Earth.
B)
a cloud.
C)
the atmosphere.
D)
the Sun.
Answer: D
Page
Ref: 47
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Apply
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
38)
Objects with higher temperatures:
A)
emit only shortwave radiation.
B)
emit more shortwave radiation than cooler objects do.
C)
emit most of their energy in the form of longwave energy.
D)
radiate less total energy than cooler objects radiate.
Answer: B
Page
Ref: 48
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog.
Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
|
E =
σ
 |
39)
The equation shown above mathematically represents the:
A)
Wien's Displacement Law.
B)
Stefan-Boltzmann Law.
C)
Surface Albedo calculation.
D)
Radiation Displacement Theory.
Answer: B
Page
Ref: 48
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
40)
The Stefan-Boltzmann Law states that:
A)
the rate of radiation emitted by a body is based on its size.
B)
the wavelength of radiation emitted by a body is determined by its temperature.
C)
all bodies emit equivalent wavelengths of energy, regardless of size or
temperature.
D)
the rate of radiation emitted by a body is proportional to the fourth power of
its temperature.
Answer: D
Page
Ref: 48
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
 =
C/T |
41)
In the equation for Wien's Displacement Law (shown above), the stands for:
stands for:
A)
a radiating body's wavelength of maximum emission.
B)
a radiating body's maximum rate of energy emission.
C)
the maximum temperature associated with a given energy wavelength.
D)
the value of Wien's constant associated with a given energy wavelength.
Answer: A
Page
Ref: 48
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
42)
The temperature of a pool of lava is measured at 1275 K. Given a Wien's
constant value of 2898 μmK, what is the wavelength of maximum emission from the
lava?
A)
149838.63 μm
B)
2.273 μm
C)
0.213 μm
D)
The answer cannot be determined from the information given.
Answer: B
Page
Ref: 48
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Apply
Nat. Geog.
Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
43)
The temperature of a cloud is measured at 280 K. Given the Stefan-Boltzmann
constant of 5.67 × 10-8, what is the rate of radiation emitted by the cloud?
A)
349 W/m2
B)
10.4 W/m2
C)
4.9 × 10-8 W/m2
D)
The information cannot be determined with the information given.
Answer: A
Page
Ref: 48
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Apply
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
44)
The primary factor which determines what type and how much radiation an object
emits is its
A)
color.
B)
conductivity.
C)
size.
D)
density.
E)
temperature.
Answer: E
Page
Ref: 48
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
45)
The UV Index can tell you:
A)
the expected rate of skin cancer occurrence in a given city.
B)
the relative change in UV production during a severe solar wind event.
C)
the approximate time it will take you to sunburn on a given day, based on your
skin type.
D)
what percent of Earth's radiation is emitted as UV radiation.
Answer: C
Page
Ref: 49
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 15: Physical Systems Affect
Human Systems
46)
Suppose the albedo of a planet is measured to be 40 percent. This means that:
A)
60 percent of the Sun's energy is reflected.
B)
40 percent of the Sun's energy is absorbed.
C)
40 percent of the Sun's energy is reflected.
D)
more energy is reflected than absorbed.
Answer: C
Page
Ref: 50
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
47)
On the average, how much of the Sun's energy that is intercepted by the earth
system is reflected to space?
A)
19 percent
B)
30 percent
C)
25 percent
D)
45 percent
E)
51 percent
Answer: B
Page
Ref: 50
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
48)
Most of the solar energy absorbed by planet Earth and its atmosphere is
absorbed by:
A)
atmospheric dust.
B)
the earth's surface.
C)
clouds.
D)
atmospheric gases.
Answer: B
Page
Ref: 50
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
49)
Which of the following does NOT happen to solar radiation as it passes through
the atmosphere?
A)
Intensification
B)
Scattering
C)
Transmission
D)
Absorption
Answer: A
Page
Ref: 50
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
50)
Clouds are most likely to ________ incoming solar radiation.
A)
conduct
B)
transmit
C)
reflect
D)
absorb
Answer: C
Page
Ref: 50
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog.
Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
51)
During reflection,
A)
radiation is separated into several groups of weaker rays that travel in
different directions.
B)
radiation retains the same intensity but bounces back from the surface at a
random angle.
C)
a portion of radiation is absorbed by the surface and the rest bounces off of
the surface.
D)
radiation retains the same intensity and bounces back at the same angle with
which it struck the surface.
Answer: D
Page
Ref: 51
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
52)
Of the following choices, the surface with the HIGHEST albedo is:
A)
fresh snow.
B)
grass.
C)
sand.
D)
water (Sun near zenith).
E)
thin cloud.
Answer: A
Page
Ref: 51
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
53)
Scattering:
A)
prevents nearly half of incoming solar radiation from reaching the surface of
the earth.
B)
changes the wavelength of light.
C)
is responsible for the redness of sunsets.
D)
is the primary mechanism of heat transfer in the atmosphere.
Answer: C
Page
Ref: 52
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
54)
Crepuscular rays:
A)
are emitted by objects with very low temperatures.
B)
are usually tinted blue.
C)
occur only when no clouds, haze, or dust particles are present in the
atmosphere.
D)
occur when water droplets scatter all wavelengths of sunlight equally.
Answer: D
Page
Ref: 52
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
55)
Which of the following gases does not absorb any portion of incoming solar
radiation?
A)
nitrogen
B)
oxygen
C)
ozone
D)
water vapor
Answer: A
Page
Ref: 53
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog.
Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
56)
The atmosphere is strongly ________ with respect to terrestrial radiation.
A)
absorptive
B)
reflective
C)
transparent
D)
conductive
Answer: A
Page
Ref: 53
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
57)
The atmosphere is highly ________ with respect to solar radiation.
A)
absorptive
B)
transparent
C)
reflective
D)
conductive
Answer: B
Page
Ref: 53
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
58)
Which of the following gases is the best absorber of ultraviolet light?
A)
nitrogen dioxide
B)
water vapor
C)
carbon dioxide
D)
oxygen
E)
carbon monoxide
Answer: D
Page
Ref: 53
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
59)
The atmosphere is ________ to terrestrial radiation that has a wavelength
between 8 and 11 micrometers.
A)
reflective
B)
absorptive
C)
conductive
D)
transparent
Answer: D
Page
Ref: 54
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
60)
The atmosphere is heated primarily by:
A)
absorption of Earth's longwave radiation.
B)
absorption of solar radiation.
C)
conduction from the ground.
D)
convection from the ground.
Answer: A
Page
Ref: 54
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog.
Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
61)
Clouds play an important role in the earth's energy budget because they:
A)
absorb longwave radiation and re-radiate it towards the surface.
B)
cool the air around them.
C)
reflect solar energy.
D)
reflect the earth's infrared energy.
E)
Both A and C
Answer: E
Page
Ref: 54
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
62)
When encountering terrestrial longwave radiation, clouds are most likely to
________ it.
A)
transmit
B)
scatter
C)
reflect
D)
absorb
Answer: D
Page
Ref: 54
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
63)
The absorption of longwave radiation by certain gases in the lower atmosphere
is responsible for:
A)
photon effect.
B)
greenhouse effect.
C)
atmospheric window effect.
D)
adiabatic effect.
Answer: B
Page
Ref: 54
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
64)
An astronomer tells you that he has discovered a new planet that he calls
Planet X. All he knows about Planet X so far is that it has a very dense
atmosphere with a temperature approximately 5 times warmer than that of Earth.
What hypothesis can you reasonably make regarding the atmosphere of Planet X?
A)
The atmosphere of Planet X must not contain any oxygen, so people couldn't live
there.
B)
Planet X cannot contain water in any form.
C)
The nitrogen cycle does not operate on Planet X in the same way it does on
Earth.
D)
The atmosphere of Planet X has a higher concentration of greenhouse gases than
Earth's does.
Answer: D
Page
Ref: 55
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Apply
Nat. Geog.
Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
65)
If an imbalance occurs between incoming and outgoing energy at the earth's
surface,
A)
temperatures remain steady.
B)
maximum temperatures occur.
C)
minimum temperatures occur.
D)
temperatures either increase or decrease.
Answer: D
Page
Ref: 56
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
66)
Which of the following describes the role played by the water cycle in
determining the earth's heat budget?
A)
has no significant role
B)
transfers heat from atmosphere to space
C)
transfers heat from atmosphere to surface
D)
transfers heat from surface to atmosphere
Answer: D
Page
Ref: 56
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
67)
An analemma is best used to determine:
A)
the distance between the sun and the earth on any day of the year.
B)
the tilt of Earth's axis on any day of the year.
C)
the solar declination on any day of the year.
D)
solar altitude at any given time of the day.
Answer: C
Page
Ref: 63
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog.
Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
68)
Based on the analemma above, what is the approximate location of the solar
declination on August 26?
A)
10° N
B)
10° S
C)
23.5° N
D)
18°N
Answer: A
Page
Ref: 63
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Apply
Nat. Geog.
Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
69)
Using the analemma above, calculate the noon Sun angle for a latitude of 40° N
on February 14. Choose the correct answer below.
A)
15°
B)
0°
C)
47°
D)
63°
Answer: D
Page
Ref: 63
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Apply
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
70)
Perihelion occurs during the Northern Hemisphere's winter.
Answer: TRUE
Page
Ref: 36
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
71)
Seasonal temperature variations are due primarily to the changing distance
between the earth and the Sun.
Answer: FALSE
Page
Ref: 36
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
72)
Low sun angles are associated with longer atmospheric path lengths.
Answer: TRUE
Page
Ref: 37
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
73)
The North Pole remains pointed towards the sun at all times, regardless of
where the Earth is in its orbit.
Answer: FALSE
Page
Ref: 38
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
74)
The earth's axis is not perpendicular to the plane of its orbit around the Sun.
Answer: TRUE
Page
Ref: 38
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
75)
Sun angle is the angular distance from the observer's horizon to the Sun at
noon.
Answer: TRUE
Page
Ref: 39
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog.
Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
76)
The equator receives vertical rays from the Sun year 'round.
Answer: FALSE
Page
Ref: 40
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
77)
In Australia, the summer solstice occurs a few days before Christmas.
Answer: TRUE
Page
Ref: 40
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
78)
The Sun 'rises' at the South Pole on September 22.
Answer: TRUE
Page
Ref: 41
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
79)
Fairbanks, Alaska, has more hours of daylight in June than Miami, Florida.
Answer: TRUE
Page
Ref: 41
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Apply
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
80) A
change in the temperature of an object signifies that its heat (or energy)
content is stable.
Answer: FALSE
Page
Ref: 44
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
81)
Heat transfer by convection in the atmosphere is usually downward, from air to
ground.
Answer: FALSE
Page
Ref: 45
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
82)
Meteorologically, conduction is the most important mechanism of heat transfer.
Answer: FALSE
Page
Ref: 45
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
83)
Advection refers to vertical convection motions.
Answer: FALSE
Page
Ref: 46
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
84)
Microwaves have the shortest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Answer: FALSE
Page
Ref: 46
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog.
Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
85) Conduction
in the oceans redistributes most of the "extra" heat from the
equatorial regions to the polar regions.
Answer: FALSE
Page
Ref: 46
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
86)
When an object absorbs radiant energy, its temperature increases.
Answer: TRUE
Page
Ref: 47
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
87)
All objects emit radiation.
Answer: TRUE
Page
Ref: 47
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
88)
Visible light comprises more than half of the total solar energy.
Answer: FALSE
Page
Ref: 47
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
89)
Although electromagnetic radiation is described with a variety of names and
wavelengths, it is all fundamentally similar in behavior.
Answer: TRUE
Page
Ref: 47
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
90)
The primary reason why planet Earth radiates much less energy than the Sun is
because of its much smaller size.
Answer: FALSE
Page
Ref: 48
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
91)
The higher the temperature of a radiating body, the shorter the wavelength of
maximum radiation.
Answer: TRUE
Page
Ref: 48
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
92)
As an object cools, the wavelengths of its maximum radiation shorten.
Answer: FALSE
Page
Ref: 48
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog.
Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
93)
Snow-covered surfaces have a low albedo.
Answer: FALSE
Page
Ref: 51
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
94)
A 300-meter-thick cloud cover can reflect no more than 14 percent of incoming
solar radiation.
Answer: FALSE
Page
Ref: 51
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
95)
Water vapor accounts for the majority of atmospheric warming in the lower
troposphere.
Answer: TRUE
Page
Ref: 54
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
96)
The troposphere warms as a direct result of shortwave energy passing into it.
Answer: FALSE
Page
Ref: 54
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
97)
Deserts experience cool nighttime temperatures because of a weaker greenhouse
effect.
Answer: TRUE
Page
Ref: 54
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
98)
Distance variations between the earth and the Sun are extremely important in
understanding seasonal temperature variations.
Answer: FALSE
Page
Ref: 54
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Understand
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
99)
The atmosphere is heated chiefly by radiation emitted from the earth's surface.
Answer: TRUE
Page
Ref: 54
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
100)
More solar energy is reflected back to space than is absorbed directly by the
atmosphere.
Answer: TRUE
Page
Ref: 54
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog.
Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
101)
The atmosphere of Venus is composed primarily of carbon dioxide.
Answer: TRUE
Page
Ref: 55
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
102)
The intensity of the Sun's rays at a place is determined by the time of year
and the ________ of the place.
Answer: latitude
Page
Ref: 42
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
103)
________ is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual atoms or
molecules in a substance.
Answer: Temperature
Page
Ref: 44
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
104)
During a cold winter, snow can provide a useful shelter material for animals
and humans because of its low ________.
Answer: conductivity
Page
Ref: 45
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
105)
The wavelengths of energy that can be detected by the human eye are called
________.
Answer: visible light
Page
Ref: 46
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
106)
What contributes the greatest amount of reflection to Earth's total albedo?
Answer: clouds
Page
Ref: 50
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
107)
The fraction of the total radiation encountered that is reflected by a surface
is called its ________.
Answer: albedo
Page
Ref: 50
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
108)
The blue color of the sky is due to ________ of light.
Answer: scattering
Page
Ref: 51
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog.
Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
109)
The brightness of the daytime sky is due to ________ of light.
Answer: scattering
Page
Ref: 51
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
110)
Light that is scattered and eventually reaches the earth's surface after having
its direction changed is called ________.
Answer: diffused light
Page
Ref: 51
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
111)
Part of the cause of the greenhouse effect is the near ________ of the
atmosphere to solar radiation.
Answer: transparency
Page
Ref: 54
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
112)
What energy transfer process is the most important in the transfer of energy
from the earth's surface into the atmosphere?
Answer: radiation
Page
Ref: 56
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Remember
Nat.
Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that
Shape Earth
113)
You are building a new home in a climate where there is a persistent snow cover
for the 6 coldest months of the year. In order to improve your energy
efficiency, should you choose light colored shingles or dark colored shingles?
Justify your answer using appropriate terminology.
Answer: While students might jump to the answer of
dark shingles in order to help the roof absorb sunlight and thus be warmer in
the winter, when energy bills are likely to be higher, the key is to remember
the persistent snow cover. In an area with persistent winter snow cover, most
roofs have an albedo above 90% all winter long because they are covered with
snow. This is particularly true of new construction that is completed with good
insulation in the attic, preventing heat loss to the roof. Therefore, the
shingle color is most likely to play a role in the energy balance of a home
during the summer when it is actually visible and interacting with incoming
solar radiation. In that case, the lighter shingle is the better choice, as its
higher albedo will ensure that the roof reflects a greater percentage of
incoming solar radiation and stays cooler as a result.
Page
Ref: 51
Bloom's
Taxonomy: Analyze
Nat. Geog.
Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape
Earth
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